Work a control point with practice cars and made-up times. Fill in each time card and your log sheet the way you would on stage. Your round is graded when you finish, with the rule behind every answer.
YellowControl zone starts
RedCard is timed here
BeigeEnd of control
New to time cards? Start with the study guide.Every rule the drills and exams test, with worked examples. About 20 minutes, and optional.
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Study guide · 2026 ARA rules
Time Card Drill study guide
Everything the practice rounds and exams test, in the order a car meets you. Each section names the rules behind it so you can look them up in the 2026 Rally Competition Rules (RCR). Reading it takes about 20 minutes. It isn't required, but it covers every answer the exams look for.
Words you'll hear
In plain words: Rally has its own vocabulary. Here's a quick, friendly translation of the terms you'll hear most.
Term
What it means
Control
A checkpoint where a car's time card gets a time written on it.
ATC (arrival time control)
The control just before a stage. The car checks in and gets its start time.
Ideal start
The minute the car is supposed to start the stage, usually 3 minutes after it checks in.
Stage (special stage)
The closed-road timed section where cars race.
Transit
The drive between stages on public roads. It's timed to the minute.
Flying finish
The line where the stage time stops. Cars cross it at full speed.
Stop control
Where cars pull up after the flying finish and get their finish time written on the card.
MTC (main time control)
The control that starts or ends a leg (usually a day).
Regroup
A holding area that closes up gaps between cars. Each car gets a set time out.
Service
Where teams can work on the cars, for a fixed number of minutes.
Parc fermé
"Closed park." No one may work on or help with the car. Control areas count.
Lateness (on the card)
Pre-printed minutes the driver and co-driver may use to finish a stage before they're due at the next control.
Sequence number
A running count some events use so officials can track the order cars came through.
Force majeure
Something outside anyone's control, like a crash on stage that halts the start.
MPL / MPE
Maximum permitted lateness (30 min per leg) and earliness (10 min per leg).
Clerk of the Course
The official who runs the rally day to day.
Stewards
The officials who decide penalties and protests.
RallySafe
The in-car tracking and timing unit used at National events.
1. Your job, in one line
In plain words: Think of yourself as the timekeeper. You write the time, note it in your log, and hand the card back with a smile. Penalties and decisions are handled by other officials, so you can focus on getting the time right.
Write the right time in the right box, log it, and nothing else. You never work out a driver and co-driver's due time, tell them they're early or late, apply a penalty, or decide whether they're over a limit. Scoring and officials do that from what you wrote.
Only the appropriate marshal writes times on a card. The driver and co-driver never write in the white boxes (5.2.4(b)).
Besides the time, the only thing you may add is a sequence number, if the event uses them (5.3.5).
Never give the driver and co-driver target times or say whether they're early or late. That's their job alone (4.1.6).
Record a time for every car, even one that looks far too late. Marshals don't judge lateness or earliness limits (5.5.2).
Log every car number and time on your control sheet. Your log is the evidence if anything is questioned (5.3.6, 6.6).
2. Signs and the control area
In plain words: The yellow sign lets drivers and co-drivers know a control is coming up. The red sign is where you are, and where the card is timed. The beige sign marks the end of the control. Inside that area, cars simply wait their turn to be timed.
Yellow Control area startsRed The control. Card timed hereBeige Control area ends
The control area
Every control area runs from a yellow warning sign to a red control sign, then ends at a beige sign (4.1.1).
Drivers and co-drivers may not stop between the yellow and the red sign, unless cars ahead block the way. You report it; you don't penalize (5.3.2, 5.3.15).
Entering the control zone during the minute before the car's target minute carries no penalty. Entering more than a minute early breaks the check-in procedure. If the car stops at your table to wait, time them in now at the actual time (scoring treats it as early) and log it as an early entry; the senior marshal reports it (5.3.2, 5.3.10, 5.3.12, 5.3.15).
Parc fermé rules apply in the control area from entry to exit: no repairs, no assistance, no refueling, hoods closed unless an official says otherwise (4.12.3, 4.1.4(a)).
No reversing in a control area unless a marshal or official directs it (4.1.4(b)). Drivers and co-drivers must let organizers move their car when needed (4.1.8).
Only food, drink and information may be passed to drivers and co-drivers waiting at a control into service or a regroup. Tools and parts count as service (7.1.7).
Keep the control area clear of spectators and anyone not doing control work (4.1.5).
3. The time card
In plain words: The time card is the driver and co-driver's record for the day. You write only in the white boxes. The shaded boxes are for the driver and co-driver's own notes and math. If you make a mistake, that's okay: correct it, initial it, and note it on your log.
Who writes where on the card
White boxes are Control Use. Only the marshal at that control writes there. Shaded boxes are Competitor Use, for the driver and co-driver's own math. Never write in them.
Each stage block runs left to right as the car meets you: arrival control time in, ideal start, actual start, finish.
Lateness and Transit are pre-printed minutes. The driver and co-driver use them to work out their time out and their due time at the next control.
If the card and the route book disagree on times, the card wins (5.2.1).
The card must be handed in at every control, including the final one (5.2.5).
Card corrections: if you agree you misread, correct it, initial next to it, and fix your log. If you're sure you were right, the card stands and you note the disagreement on your log (5.3.7). A correction not approved by a marshal or official is referred to the Stewards (5.2.4(c), Bulletin 2026-11).
Never touch another control's entry. If you see an altered card, record your own time and report what you saw.
4. Telling the time
In plain words: Check your clock the moment you take the card. Write the hours and minutes, and leave off the seconds, so 10:14:59 is written as 10:14. The one exception is a stage finish, which is written down to the tenth of a second.
The check-in time is the moment you touch the card, not when the car stopped (5.3.4).
Transit controls are timed in hours and minutes. Seconds are dropped: the minute runs from :00 to :59 (5.1.1(b)). A card touched at 10:14:59.8 is 10:14.
Stage finishes are timed to the second and tenth (5.12.1). Write the zero tenth too: 10:49:30.0.
Use 24-hour time. Every control clock is synchronized to official rally time, and controls carry a synced backup (5.1.1(a)).
At events using RallySafe, the time shown on the unit is the official time (Bulletin 2026-3).
At every control, the arrival time is also the departure time, unless a later departure is recorded, as at service or a regroup (5.1.1(d)).
If the driver or co-driver doubts your clock, the card still gets your clock's time. Record the time they asked for on your log only (5.3.8).
5. Arrival control (ATC)
In plain words: When a car arrives, write down the time. Then add 3 minutes for its start time, or use the next open minute if that one is already taken. Each car gets its own start minute.
Arrival control: from touch to ideal start
Touch the card: write the time in, hours and minutes (4.4.1, 5.3.4).
Write the ideal start: at least 3 minutes after check-in, and no earlier than the next free start minute (4.4.2, 5.4.2(c)).
Add a sequence number if the event uses them (5.3.5).
Copy the car number, time in and ideal start onto your log.
Example. Card touched at 12:43:20. Check-in plus 3 is 12:46, but the last start you gave was 12:48, so the next free minute is 12:49. Write 12:43 and 12:49.
Two cars on one minute start in the order they reached the previous time control, not the order they handed you cards (5.4.2(b)).
Seeded cars may need 2-minute gaps between starts (1.3, 4.4.2, supplementary regulations). Use the larger of check-in plus 3 and the gap.
Cars backed up: if cars ahead block a car from reaching you, the driver or co-driver may bring the card on foot, and it's timed when you touch it (5.3.1, 5.3.3). Otherwise the car, driver and co-driver must all be in the control area.
Early or late cars get the same treatment: the time you touched the card. You can't move a time to help anyone (5.3.12).
After an observation control, the next due time is worked out as if that control wasn't there (4.7.2).
Either the driver or the co-driver may drive unless the event says otherwise (2.1.1). Passengers aren't allowed (2.1.2).
6. Stage start
In plain words: Copy the start time onto the card, hand it back, and count the car down so it leaves right on :00. If the driver and co-driver need a moment to get ready, they simply move to the next open minute.
Through a stage: who writes what
Write the actual start: the car's scheduled minute, copied from the ideal start. Not when it arrived at the line (4.5, 5.4.3).
Hand the card back and count down: 30, 15, 10, then 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. The car leaves at the :00 second of its minute (5.12.3). An electronic countdown may replace the spoken one; you still write the scheduled minute.
Driver and co-driver not ready (their fault): they get the next free minute. The penalty, 1 minute per minute late, comes from scoring (5.12.5).
Jumped start: wheels moving before the signal. The start marshal reports the time the car began moving; officials apply the penalty. Never chase or restart a car (5.12.6).
Holding the start: the marshal may delay a start only for force majeure, such as an incident on stage. No lateness penalty applies, and the queue restarts in order (5.12.4). The driver and co-driver can't ask for a gap, but adjacent cars may swap (5.4.6).
Swaps: the first car checks in on its minute and asks; the second car must enter on its own minute, gear on and ready to start. If it isn't ready, there's no swap (5.4.6).
Safety gear: helmets, head-and-neck restraints and harnesses fastened before the start. A minute lost fixing it is the driver and co-driver's late start (4.5.1).
Car dies on the line: it must not delay the next car. The driver and co-driver must let organizers move the car (5.12.3(b), 4.1.8).
No time card through the driver and co-driver's fault: referred to the Stewards (5.12.10(a), Bulletin 2026-11). Escalate; don't improvise a card.
Window open more than 2 inches without a net is an improper procedure infraction. Report it in writing (6.4.5).
RallySafe unit dark: it must be powered and active at all times. Raise it before the car leaves (Bulletin 2026-3).
7. Flying finish and stop control
In plain words: The finish time is taken at the finish line rather than at your table. The finish line crew radios it to you, and you copy that time onto the card, down to the tenth of a second.
The stage time is taken at the flying finish line. The flying finish crew writes each car and its time, then radios them to the stop control (4.6, 5.12.7).
At the stop, write the flying finish time, hours, minutes, seconds and tenths, not the time the car reached you (5.12.8). Log the same time. If two cars are close, match times to car numbers, not to the order they arrive; ask flying finish to repeat if in doubt.
If timing can't give the exact finish yet, mark the card only; the time is entered at the next neutralization or regroup (5.12.8).
Drivers and co-drivers may not stop between the red flying finish sign and the stop sign unless physically blocked. It's referred to the Stewards (5.12.9, Bulletin 2026-11). The stage time still comes from the flying finish.
Card lost on stage through the driver and co-driver's fault: log the finish as usual. The penalty is 5 minutes, applied by officials (5.12.10(b)).
Never work out the driver and co-driver's time out. After a stage they add the longer of the lateness time or their stage time (in whole minutes) to their start, in the shaded box (5.3.9).
Driver and co-driver held up by a car that wouldn't let them by: record and pass it on. The Clerk may grant time (5.17).
SOS or a car off reported at your stop: pass it to radio immediately (5.15.9). A triangle left out on stage must be reported, since drivers and co-drivers must recover theirs (5.15.7).
8. MTC, regroup, service and parc fermé
In plain words: These are the bigger stops: the start and end of the day, regroups, and service. A good rule of thumb is to write the actual time the card was handed to you. For service, time out equals time in plus the length of service.
Start-of-leg MTC: drivers and co-drivers present in starting order and leave on their assigned minute. Write the start-list time (4.3.1). Within 15 minutes late, write the exact time they start; more than 15 minutes late after parc fermé and they can't start (4.12.6).
End-of-leg MTC: drivers and co-drivers may check in early with no penalty. Write the actual time, never their due time (4.3.2, 5.3.14).
Regroup: write the time in, give the driver and co-driver their starting time, and they drive straight to the holding area. The assigned time out counts, not how long they sat (4.8, 5.9.1, 5.9.2). Reseeded orders release cars in list order, one minute apart unless the event says otherwise.
Service: time out is the actual time in plus the service length, whether the car was early or late (5.1.1(d), 5.7).
Technical zone: a car can't leave until checks are done, and its regroup out time isn't adjusted. One service crew member may help, only as directed (5.10.1).
Parc fermé: drivers and co-drivers may enter 10 minutes before their start time (4.12.2). No repairs, assistance or refueling (4.12.3). Fuel only goes in at a designated refuel zone (5.8.1, 7.1.8).
Final control: the card is still handed in. Drivers and co-drivers remove the RallySafe unit and kit right after checking in (5.2.5, Bulletin 2026-3).
9. Penalties you never apply (but should understand)
In plain words: Penalties are part of the sport, but applying them isn't part of your role. This table is here to help you understand why drivers and co-drivers sometimes wait, or hurry. You never need to tell a driver or co-driver about a penalty.
Knowing these explains why drivers and co-drivers wait or hurry. You never apply them, mention them, or calculate them.
Situation
Penalty, applied by scoring or officials
Rule
Late at a time control
10 seconds per minute
5.3.12
Early at a time control
1 minute per minute
5.3.12
Maximum permitted lateness
30 minutes per leg
5.5.1
Maximum permitted earliness
10 minutes per leg
5.6
Late stage start, driver and co-driver's fault
1 minute per minute
5.12.5
Finish not entered, card lost
5 minutes
5.12.10(b)
Towed on a transit by a non-competitor
10 minutes
6.7.2
Speeding at an observation control
From the rulebook table; over 20 mph can mean disqualification
4.7.1(d)
Restart after retiring
10 minutes first missed stage, 7 each after
6.3.1
An early car may be neutralized at the Clerk of the Course's discretion so it leaves as originally planned (5.3.13). That's the Clerk's call, not yours.
10. Reporting infractions
In plain words: If you notice something that doesn't look right, stay calm and keep things friendly. Time the car as usual, then jot down what happened, when, and the car number, and pass it to your captain.
For 2026, marshals report improper procedure infractions in writing to the Clerk of the Course, and the Stewards set the penalty (6.4, Bulletin 2026-7). Time the car normally, then write down what happened, when, and the car number. Examples:
Driving through a control without checking in, or re-entering a control area (6.4.7).
Reversing in a control without direction (6.4.3). Window open without a net (6.4.5).
Ignoring a marshal's instructions (6.4.8) or an organizer's instructions (6.4.9).
Quiet zone breaches: auxiliary lights or anti-lag (4.13, 6.4.1).
Stopping between yellow and red signs, or between the flying finish and stop signs; unapproved card corrections; missing control entries (Bulletin 2026-11 referrals to the Stewards).
11. Safety on stage
In plain words: An OK sign means "we've stopped, but we're fine." An SOS sign means "we need help," and the next cars stop to assist. If a driver or co-driver tells you about either one, please pass it to the radio right away.
SOS means an emergency: an injury needing immediate medical attention, uncontrolled fire, a breach of stage security, or a completely blocked road. Following cars must stop (5.15.2).
OK means stopped but no medical help needed, shown early enough for following cars to slow (5.15.4). Thumb up = OK; crossed arms over the head = SOS (5.15.8).
If the sign and the emergency console disagree, drivers and co-drivers follow the more severe one (5.15.10).
At an SOS, the first car renders aid. The second takes details to the next radio point and stays until released. Others stay at the scene. An SOS can't be rescinded (5.15.9). The stage may then be stopped or cancelled (5.14, 5.15.6).
One warning triangle could mean a fully blocked road; cars slow down until past the stopped car (5.15.1). Drivers and co-drivers must collect their triangles (5.15.7).
Slow cars use four-way flashers (5.16). A car being caught must make room (5.17).
12. Retirement and restarts
In plain words: Sometimes a car that dropped out can rejoin later. That's arranged with the officials. If the car comes through your control, simply time it like any other car.
A retired driver and co-driver can restart the next leg only if they tell the Clerk of the Course in writing at least 60 minutes before that leg, giving the reason and agreeing to re-scrutineering (6.3). Restart penalties apply (6.3.1).
New for 2026: a driver and co-driver may rejoin within a leg as a non-competitive entry if the Clerk approves. They still pass through controls; time them as usual (6.3.2).
A retired driver and co-driver on foot at your control: tell radio, so the sweep isn't searching for a driver and co-driver who are safe.
13. New for 2026
In plain words: For 2026, most paperwork mix-ups now go to the Stewards for review instead of automatically ending a driver and co-driver's rally. Your role stays the same: write accurate times and share what you see.
Unapproved card corrections, missing control entries, a missing start entry, and stopping before the stop board are now referred to the Stewards instead of automatic exclusion (Bulletin 2026-11).
Improper procedure infractions are reported in writing to the Clerk of the Course, and the Stewards set the penalty (6.4).
New infractions for ignoring marshal (6.4.8) or organizer (6.4.9) instructions. Drivers and co-drivers must let officials move their car (4.1.8).
Either the driver or the co-driver may drive unless the event says otherwise (2.1.1).
Retired drivers and co-drivers can rejoin as non-competitive entries with the Clerk's approval (6.3.2).
At RallySafe events, the unit's time is official and the unit must stay powered (Bulletin 2026-3).
Section numbers moved: stage start, finish and stop rules are now 5.12.x, parc fermé 4.12.x, safety signs 5.15.x.
14. Rule index
In plain words: There's no need to memorize rule numbers. They're listed here so you, or a driver or co-driver, can look something up when needed.
Rule
Topic
1.3
Seeding
2.1.1, 2.1.2
Who may drive; no passengers
4.1.1
Control signs: yellow, red, beige
4.1.4–4.1.8
Conduct in control areas; target times; moving cars
4.3.1, 4.3.2
Main time controls, start and end of leg
4.4.1, 4.4.2
Arrival control, ideal start
4.5, 4.5.1
Stage start; safety gear
4.6
Flying finish
4.7, 4.7.1, 4.7.2
Observation controls
4.8
Regrouping control
4.12.2–4.12.6
Parc fermé
4.13
Quiet zones
5.1.1
Official time, timing to the minute, arrival is departure
5.2.1–5.2.5
Time card priority, who writes, corrections, handing in
5.3.1–5.3.16
Check-in procedure, sequence numbers, disputes, clock doubts, early and late
5.4.2, 5.4.3, 5.4.6
Start order, same-minute cars, swaps
5.5.1, 5.5.2, 5.6
Maximum lateness and earliness
5.7
Service
5.8.1
Refueling
5.9.1, 5.9.2
Regroup procedure
5.10.1
Technical zone
5.12.1–5.12.10
Stage timing, countdown, late and false starts, stop control, no-card penalties
Your event's briefing and supplementary regulations take priority over this guide. Rules are paraphrased; the 2026 RCR on the ARA's Sportity board is the authority.
Before you start
Have you read the study guide?
It covers every rule the drills and exams test, with worked examples. It takes about 20 minutes and isn't required.
How to read the time card, and 2026 quick reference
The card
White boxes are Control Use. Only the marshal at that control writes in them. Shaded boxes are Competitor Use for the driver and co-driver's own math. Never write in them.
Each stage block runs left to right in the order the car meets you: arrival control time in, ideal start, actual start, then finish (hours, minutes, seconds, tenths).
Lateness and Transit are pre-printed minutes. The driver and co-driver add the start time and the longer of lateness or stage time to work out their time out and their due time at the next control.
Seq. # boxes are only used when the event uses sequence numbers.
Card layouts vary a little by event. This replica follows the ARA timecard example.
At every control
The check-in time is the moment you touch the card. Write hours and minutes; seconds are dropped on transits.
Write the time and nothing else. Never tell the driver and co-driver their due time, and never decide if they are early, late, or over a limit.
ATC: ideal start at least 3 minutes after check-in, and no earlier than the next free start minute. Same-minute cars go in the order they reached the previous control.
Start: write the scheduled start, hand the card back, count down 30, 15, 10, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. Car leaves at :00.
Stop: write the flying finish time to the tenth, not the time the car reached you.
Disputes: recheck. Agree → correct, initial, fix your log. Disagree → note it on your log. Clock doubted → log their requested time only.
Log every car number and time on your control sheet.
What changed in 2026
Unapproved card corrections, missing control entries, a missing start entry, and stopping before the stop board are now referred to the Stewards instead of automatic exclusion (Bulletin 2026-11).
Improper procedure infractions are reported in writing to the Clerk of the Course, and the Stewards set the penalty (RCR 6.4).
New infractions for ignoring marshal instructions (6.4.8) or organizer instructions (6.4.9). Drivers and co-drivers must let officials move their car (4.1.8).
Either the driver or the co-driver may drive unless the event says otherwise (2.1.1).
Retired drivers and co-drivers can rejoin as non-competitive entries with the Clerk's approval (6.3.2).
At RallySafe events, the unit's time is official time and the unit must stay powered on (Bulletin 2026-3).
Section numbers moved: stage start, finish and stop rules are now 5.12.x, parc fermé 4.12.x, safety signs 5.15.x.